Society, Culture, Heritage, Arts and Literature of Telangana
Telangana is a state in India that has a rich and diverse cultural heritage. The state was formed in 2014 after a long struggle for self-rule by the people of Telangana, who felt neglected and exploited by the dominant Andhra region. Telangana has a history of at least 2500 years, and has witnessed the rise and fall of many dynasties and empires. The state has also been a melting pot of various religions, languages, arts and cuisines.
Society Culture Heritage Arts And Literature Of Telangana Pdf Downloadl
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Languages of Telangana
The official language of Telangana is Telugu, which belongs to the Dravidian family of languages. Telugu is one of the oldest and classical languages of India, and has a rich literature dating back to the 11th century CE. The Telugu spoken in Telangana has a distinct dialect and accent, influenced by Urdu, Marathi and Kannada. Telangana also has a sizable population of Urdu speakers, especially in Hyderabad, the capital city. Urdu is the second official language of the state, and has a long history of literary and cultural contribution to the region. Other languages spoken in Telangana include Hindi, English, Marathi, Kannada and Tamil.
Literature
Telangana has produced many eminent writers and poets in both Telugu and Urdu languages. Some of the notable Telugu literary figures from Telangana are Pothana, who composed the Bhagavatam, a devotional epic on Lord Krishna; Bammera Potana Matyulu who wrote Dasakumara Charitra, a collection of stories on the adventures of ten princes; Kaloji Narayana Rao, who was a freedom fighter and a poet; C. Narayana Reddy, who won the Jnanpith Award, the highest literary honor in India; Gaddar, who is a revolutionary balladeer and activist; and Kancherla Gopanna or Bhakta Ramadasu, who composed many devotional songs on Lord Rama.
Some of the notable Urdu literary figures from Telangana are Wali Mohammed Wali, who is considered the father of Urdu poetry; Makhdoom Mohiuddin, who was a communist poet and leader; Ali Sardar Jafri, who was a progressive writer and activist; Javed Akhtar, who is a famous lyricist and screenwriter; and Shabana Azmi, who is a renowned actress and social activist.
Culture
The culture of Telangana is a mixture of Persian traditions and South Indian customs. It has a rich culture that incorporates Telugu culture within its society. Telangana is known as the region where the fusion of two cultures takes place namely North and South. The word Telangana is derived from the 'Trilinga', meaning the land of three lingams (symbols of Lord Shiva). The state has a diverse religious composition, with Hinduism, Islam, Christianity and Buddhism being the major faiths. The state also celebrates many festivals that reflect its cultural diversity and heritage.
Festivals
Some of the major festivals of Telangana are:
Bathukamma: It is a floral festival celebrated by Hindu women for nine days during September-October. It is a symbol of Telangana's cultural identity and is dedicated to Goddess Maha Gauri, an incarnation of Goddess Parvati.
Bonalu: It is a festival of offering to Goddess Mahakali, celebrated in July-August. Women carry earthen pots decorated with flowers and turmeric on their heads and offer them to the goddess at various temples.
Ramzan: It is the holy month of fasting and prayer for Muslims, celebrated with great fervour and devotion. The end of Ramzan is marked by Eid-ul-Fitr, a festival of joy and gratitude.
Christmas: It is the festival of commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, celebrated by Christians on December 25. The state has many churches that are decorated with lights and stars.
Sankranti: It is the harvest festival celebrated by Hindus in January. It is also known as Makar Sankranti or Pongal. People fly kites, make rangolis (colourful patterns) and cook special dishes on this occasion.
Cuisine
The cuisine of Telangana is influenced by the Mughal, Turkish and Arabic styles of cooking, as well as the local Telugu cuisine. The state is famous for its Hyderabadi biryani, a rice dish cooked with meat and spices. Other popular dishes include haleem, a meat stew; mirchi ka salan, a curry of green chillies; baghara baingan, an eggplant dish; and qubani ka meetha, an apricot dessert. The state also has a variety of vegetarian dishes, such as pesarattu, a crepe made from green gram; pulihora, a tamarind rice dish; and gongura pachadi, a chutney made from sorrel leaves.
Heritage
The heritage of Telangana is a reflection of its rich and varied history, which spans over several centuries and dynasties. The state has many monuments, forts, temples, mosques, palaces and museums that showcase its architectural and artistic excellence. The state also has a department of heritage that is responsible for the preservation and conservation of the cultural heritage of Telangana.
Monuments
Some of the notable monuments of Telangana are:
Charminar: It is a landmark monument and a symbol of Hyderabad, built by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah in 1591. It is a square structure with four minarets and arches, and has a mosque on the top floor.
Golconda Fort: It is a massive fort complex that was the capital of the Qutb Shahi dynasty and a centre of diamond trade. It was built by the Kakatiyas in the 13th century and later expanded by the Qutb Shahis. It has several palaces, mosques, tombs, gates and bastions.
Warangal Fort: It is a ruined fort that was the seat of power of the Kakatiya dynasty in the 12th and 13th centuries. It has impressive stone gateways called Kakatiya Kala Thoranam, which are the emblem of Telangana.
Qutb Shahi Tombs: They are a group of mausoleums of the rulers and nobles of the Qutb Shahi dynasty, located near Golconda Fort. They are built in a blend of Persian and Indian styles, with domes, arches and minarets.
Ramappa Temple: It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a masterpiece of Kakatiya architecture, built in the 13th century. It is dedicated to Lord Shiva and has intricate carvings and sculptures on its walls and pillars.
Museums
Some of the prominent museums of Telangana are:
Salar Jung Museum: It is one of the largest museums in India and houses a collection of art and antiques from various countries and periods. It was established by Mir Yousuf Ali Khan, also known as Salar Jung III, who was a prime minister of the Nizam of Hyderabad.
Nizam Museum: It is a museum that displays the gifts and souvenirs received by the last Nizam of Hyderabad, Mir Osman Ali Khan, on his silver jubilee celebrations in 1937. It also exhibits his personal belongings, such as clothes, jewellery, weapons and furniture.
Birla Science Museum: It is a museum that showcases various aspects of science and technology, such as astronomy, archaeology, biology, physics and mathematics. It also has a planetarium, an art gallery and a dinosaurium.
Telangana State Archaeology Museum: It is a museum that exhibits the archaeological findings and artefacts from various sites in Telangana. It has collections of coins, sculptures, paintings, weapons, inscriptions and pottery.
Arts
The arts of Telangana are a manifestation of the creative and artistic expression of the people of the state. The state has a rich tradition of various forms of art, such as painting, sculpture, music, dance, theatre and literature. The state also has a vibrant contemporary art scene, with many artists, galleries and festivals.
Painting
Some of the notable forms of painting in Telangana are:
Batik Painting: It is a technique of wax-resist dyeing applied to cloth, creating various patterns and designs. It is practised by the artisans of Pochampally and Koyyalagudem.
Nirmal Painting: It is a style of painting that originated in Nirmal town of Adilabad district. It involves the use of natural colours and motifs inspired by nature, animals, birds and mythological figures.
Cheriyal Scroll Painting: It is a form of narrative painting that depicts scenes from Hindu epics and folk tales. It is done on khadi cloth using natural colours and brushes made from squirrel hair. It is practised by the Nakashi community of Cheriyal village in Warangal district.
Sculpture
Some of the notable forms of sculpture in Telangana are:
Bronze Casting: It is a process of creating metal sculptures by pouring molten bronze into a mould. It is an ancient art form that has produced many exquisite idols of Hindu deities. The state has several centres of bronze casting, such as Warangal, Karimnagar and Hyderabad.
Dokra Metal Craft: It is a form of metal casting that uses the lost-wax technique. It is practised by the tribal communities of Adilabad and Warangal districts. It produces figurines and ornaments of brass depicting animals, birds, tribal gods and goddesses.
Pembarthi Brassware: It is a form of sheet metal art that involves intricate engraving and embossing on brass. It is practised by the Vishwakarma community of Pembarthi village in Warangal district. It produces decorative items such as vases, trays, lamps and wall hangings.
Music
Some of the notable forms of music in Telangana are:
Carnatic Music: It is a classical form of music that originated in South India. It is based on ragas (melodic modes) and talas (rhythmic cycles). Telangana has produced many eminent Carnatic musicians, such as Bhadrachala Ramadasu, Thyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar and Shyama Shastri.
Ghazal: It is a form of poetic expression that originated in Persia and was popularised by the Mughals and Nizams. It is a lyrical composition that expresses love, longing and pain. Telangana has produced many famous ghazal singers, such as Ghulam Ali, Mehdi Hassan, Jagjit Singh and Pankaj Udhas.
Folk Music: It is a form of music that reflects the culture and traditions of the rural and tribal people of Telangana. It includes songs related to festivals, seasons, occupations, rituals and social issues. Some of the popular folk genres are Oggu Katha, Gondi Songs, Lambadi Songs and Qawwali.
Conclusion
Telangana is a state that has a rich and diverse heritage of arts and culture. The state has inherited the legacy of various dynasties and cultures that have shaped its history and identity. The state has also nurtured and developed its own unique forms of expression and creativity that reflect its spirit and ethos. The state is proud of its artistic achievements and strives to preserve and promote its cultural heritage for future generations. b99f773239
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